Clockwork toys use constant torsion springs made of stainless steel coils. An external force rewinds the spring to the output wheel (energy storage) from its natural state. When the force is removed, the spring returns to its natural state. At the same time, a constant torque (stored elasticity) is generated (released) at the output wheel, hence the term constant torque spring.
The torque is greatest when the barrel is fully wound so that the front end of the barrel needs to be output with less force. After a certain period of time, the winder, which is tightly coiled on the winding shaft, will slowly unwind and its energy will drop. When the energy is about to be exhausted, the torque at the end of the barrel is at its minimum and the force output is then reduced. Thus, the driving force needs to be increased to keep the movement running. This is why constant torque springs are so suitable for wind-up toys.
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